{"id":4848,"date":"2025-12-23T11:31:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T11:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/?p=4848"},"modified":"2025-12-23T14:36:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T14:36:04","slug":"electric-vehicle-battery-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric vehicle battery safety"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4848\" class=\"elementor elementor-4848\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e232701 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"e232701\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb97594\" data-id=\"cb97594\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18c791 elementor-widget__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a18c791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2fff26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2fff26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107\n <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52044bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"52044bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c82606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c82606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electric vehicle battery safety<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c297c9e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c297c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d12a9 e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21d12a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0209b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0209b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd3ecf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd3ecf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f3b63f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2f3b63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pages-from-TTTP-Vol-10_No-2_2025-WEB-4.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7c4cb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb7c4cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61aebe3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61aebe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f19e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c5f19e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd494a wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"6dd494a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb049d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"cb049d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-4848 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">110<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-511d0df elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"511d0df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0acee9c\" data-id=\"0acee9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e98b3 elementor-widget__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0e98b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b088d60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b088d60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107\n <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f1849 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68f1849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec83f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ec83f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electric vehicle battery safety<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b2f501 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7b2f501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5027126 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5027126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a5312c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a5312c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7a912 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8d7a912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pages-from-TTTP-Vol-10_No-2_2025-WEB-4.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-580ffd3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"580ffd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-211717e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"211717e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b72c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62b72c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dcd16 wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"f4dcd16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f73093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"0f73093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-4848 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">110<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d980b8 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2d980b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d772afa\" data-id=\"d772afa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5597455 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5597455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP - APEIRON<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e70ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3e70ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107\n <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a72e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0a72e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87a3678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87a3678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electric vehicle battery safety<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96936f4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96936f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f04febc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f04febc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Original scientific paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-389228b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"389228b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b8917 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73b8917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Pages-from-TTTP-Vol-10_No-2_2025-WEB-4.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Article PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80faf79 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80faf79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cefffd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cefffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c5e44b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c5e44b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee52ab wpr-logo-position-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-logo\" data-id=\"dee52ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-logo elementor-clearfix\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture class=\"wpr-logo-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-logo-url\" rel=\"home\" aria-label=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5cb9871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"post-views content-post post-4848 entry-meta load-static\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-views-icon dashicons dashicons-chart-bar\"><\/span> <span class=\"post-views-label\">Post Views:<\/span> <span class=\"post-views-count\">110<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-23T11:31:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-23T14:36:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/\",\"name\":\"Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-23T11:31:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-23T14:36:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c930194f3a6209b815064c0f1d7cd68b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png\",\"width\":403,\"height\":141},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Electric vehicle battery safety\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/\",\"name\":\"TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c930194f3a6209b815064c0f1d7cd68b\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/author\/jita-au-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal","og_description":"Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion. Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): TTTP &#8211; APEIRON Sne\u017eana Petkovi\u0107, Jelena Ad\u017ei\u0107, Marko Dujakovi\u0107 Electric vehicle battery safety Original scientific paper DOI: 10.7251\/JTTTP2502086P Download Article PDF Abstract One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained \u2014 from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper. Keywords: Electric vehicles, batteries, thermal runaway, fire, explosion.","og_url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/","og_site_name":"TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal","article_published_time":"2025-12-23T11:31:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-23T14:36:04+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/","url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/","name":"Electric vehicle battery safety - TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png","datePublished":"2025-12-23T11:31:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-23T14:36:04+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c930194f3a6209b815064c0f1d7cd68b"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cc-by-1.png","width":403,"height":141},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/23\/electric-vehicle-battery-safety\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Electric vehicle battery safety"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/","name":"TTTP Traffic and Transport Theory and Practice Journal","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c930194f3a6209b815064c0f1d7cd68b","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb1767673e75e9127846ff73b2b9e96214fba2d4675dc6799cec11e9b4380ca2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/tttp-au.com"],"url":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/author\/jita-au-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4848"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4915,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions\/4915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tttp-au.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}